1. A COMPARATIVE REVIEW ON MICRO-ORGANISM ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPOILAGE OF BANANA

A banana plant, also known as M. acuminata or its hybrid M. acuminata, M. balbisnna, is a plant grown for personal use that yields edible fruits that are often seedless and belong to that species. The word "banana" refers to a variety of species or hybrids of the genus Musa, family Musceae. They are perennial plants with long, the bases of these leaves (petioles) remain tightly united and form the trunk (Pseudostem) of a plant 2-9m (6-30ft) in height (Ploetz, 1994). Bananas are ofte...

2. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOENIC ACTIVITIES AND DOMESTIC WASTE ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY

Abstract: The microbiological and organic pollutants characteristics of umuosoko stream in ikwuano local government area, Enugu state, Nigeria were carried out. Twenty water samples were collected from four different parts of the river.  The pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of micro-organisms. Colonial morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests were used for identification and characterization. The statistical analyses used were a...

3. FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH SPOILAGE OF SMOKED DRIED FISH

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out on fungi associated with spoilage of smoked dried fish. To achieve this 2 research objectives were formulated. The study made use of four fish samples. The Four fish samples  used for the study were purchased from four different location A,B,C and D in Eke-Awka market. Test tube, Text tube rack, Conical Flask, Electric blender, Autoclave, Cork borer, Microscope and Inoculating loopThe study ultilized were used to carr...

4. A PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BOREHOLE WATER AND SACHET WATER IN OWERRI MUNICIPAL: ANALYTICAL COMPARISON

ABSTRACT: Three types of sachet water samples and three types of borehole water samples all from Owerri Municipal, Imo State were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. A total of twenty (21) parameters including Odour, Colour, pH, Conductivity, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Solids, Dissolved Solids, Suspended Solids, Dissolved Oxygen (D.O), Chemical Oxygen Demand (C.O.D), Calcium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Lead, Chloride, Nitrate, Zinc, Magn...

5. A STUDY ON GARLIC (Allium sativum L.) MEAL AND ITS EFFECT AS A FEEDING INGREDIENT IN BROILER CHICKEN DIET

ABSTRACT: Four experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of Garlic supplementation in broiler chickens. In the first experiments 0-4 weeks, a total of 270 day old broiler chicks were used for the experiment which had six treatments and three replicates, each replicate was allotted 15 birds in a completely randomized design. Six broiler starter diets were formulated such that (Diet 1) contains 0.01% of an antibiotic, Neocloxsin. For Diets 2, 3,...

6. A BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER IN THE HALLS OF RESIDENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN

INTRODUCTION: Water has an essential role in life and is inextricably intertwined with it; without water, there would be no life. Because of this, it is essential that water always get the appropriate amount of attention at all times. The provision of clean water for consumption is not a frivolous amenity but rather one of the most fundamental necessities of existence. As a result, the provision of potable water to all people has captured the interest of a gr...

7. AN EVALUATION OF EXTRACTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI-MICROBIAL SCREENING OF WHITE STAR APPLE CRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDUM SEED OIL

ABSTRACT: Crysophylum albidum oil was extracted from its seed. The percentage yield was 2.56%. The characterization of the oil showed showed that the refractive index is 1.487, peroxide value is 45.4mg/kg, iodine value is 50.76g, saponification value is 105.188, free fatty acids 47.46 and acid value is 94.92. The Punched Ager Diffusion Method was used to assay for the antimicrobial and anti fungal properties of the oil in the test isolate. The antimicrobial and anti fung...

8. A STUDY EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR MANAGEMENT AND ERADICATION

Background: Chlamydiae are obligatory intracellular bacteria that are tiny and gram-negative. They infect squamocolumnar epithelial cells more often than other types. Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted illness that leads to urethritis. Its frequency rates are higher than those of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is the bacteria that causes gonorrhea. In the United States, for example, around four million instances are recorded each year, with the vast majority of c...

9. AN INVESTIGATION OF FUNGI RELATED WITH SPOILAGE OF SMOKED DRIED FISH

Background Of The Study: Fish is an excellent source of protein and has a high nutrient density. If it is treated improperly, however, it might serve as a good substrate for the development of microbes (Abulu, 2022). The degradation of fish products may be attributed to the proliferation of microbes as well as to other processes that do not involve bacteria, such as lipid oxidation (Martin, 2010). An rise in the temperature of the surrounding environment crea...

10. A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION INTO THE ANTIMICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DISINFECTANTS CONTAINING CHLORINE AND ALCOHOL

Background of the study: Antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively employed in hospitals and various healthcare facilities for a diverse array of applications pertaining to topical and hard-surface disinfection. Specifically, healthcare professionals play a crucial role in the execution of infection control protocols and contribute to the prevention of hospital-acquired infections (Awodele, 2022). The increasing concerns regarding microbiological contamination and infecti...

11. ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORINE AND ALCOHOL DISINFECTANTS

ABSTRACT: This study was carried out on the antimicrobial properties of chlorine and alcohol disinfectants. Disinfectant solutions were pre-pared according to manufacturers’ instructions and tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Streptococcus mutans NCTC1044, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Bacillus subtilis ATCC15244 spores, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 25177, My-cobacterium avium subsp. avium ATCC 25291 and HepatitisB viru...

12. A COMPREHENSIVE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION CONDUCTED ON THE WATER SUPPLY WITHIN THE CONFINES OF THE FEMALE HOSTEL AT THE ESTEEMED UNIVERSITY OF UYO

Background Of The Study: Water is an essential and intricately interrelated element that is fundamental to the existence of life, as life cannot be sustained without it. Water must be consistently prioritised due to its critical importance. Access to clean and safe drinking water is not merely a privilege, but rather a fundamental necessity that is necessary for sustaining human life. The provision of clean drinking water to everybody has so garnered the interest of several i...

13. CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS, HOW TO CONTROL & ERADICATE IT

INTRODUCTION: Chlamydiae are small gram-negative obligate intracellular microorganisms that preferentially infect squamocolumnar epithelial cell (www. Google. Com.2010). Chlamydia is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease resulting in urethritis, with frequencies exceeding those of Neisseria gonorrhoeae   In the United State for instance, roughly four million cases are reported annually mostly occurring in men and women under the age of 25 (Barners...

14. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOURCES OF WATER AND WATER BORNE DISEASES

Background to the Study: Water is an essential substance in human life as it is used for various purposes sucg as drunking washing cooking. Human noroviruses cause the most gastrointestinal illness in all regions of the world, with the vast majority thought to be acquired via person-to-person and then by food (Ahmed et al., 2014) given the predominance of genogroup II strains implicated. In waterborne cases, genogroup I is normally implicated (Mathew et al.,...

15. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TAP WATER COLLECTED FROM SELECTED AREA OF ENUGU METROPOLIS

ABSTRACT: The pipe borne water samples used for drinking in Enugu metropolis were analyzed phiscochemically using standard methods. Four samples were subjected to physical and chemical analysis like pH of sample A (6.1), sample B (6.00), sample C (6.42), sample D (6.5), Temperature of sample A (2.980C), sample B (27.60C), sample C (29.40C), sample D (26.00C), colour of the samples (Nil), Turbidity of sample A (0.01NM), sample B (0.02NM), sample C (0.02NM), sample D (0.01...

16. THE EFFECT OF TOASTED ICICINIA MAIN EFIK ISONG-BASED DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WEANER RABBITS

INTRODUCTION: Animal protein in most of the developing countries is not readily available to the populace due to the high cost of production faced by the livestock industry. This is largely due to the high cost of livestock feed. Feed contribute about 60% of the total cost of production. This is as a result of the unavailability and high cost of the conventional feedstuffs like maize and soybeans which is occasioned by the competition between man and livestock (Vander Zi...

17. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF SOME MEHTODS ADOTPED IN YOGHURT PRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE; Yoghurt is a fermented milk product, produced with a yoghurt starter culture which is a mixed culture of streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus in a 1:1 ratio. S thermophilus enjoys a faster growth than L hulgricus.  It adds flavours and aroma to the yoghurt, though both organisms in association produces lactic acid but acetaldehyde and dimethyl propanol, the chief favour component of yoghurt is produced by L bulgaricus.

18. THE PREVALENCE OF FUNGAL INFECTION AMONG THE PATIENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Candeda: This is a yeast like fungi several of which cause disease in man about 90% of infection are to candida albicans, which is normally present in mouth, intestine and veginal it is responsible for the infection in the sites defense mechanisms (carousal 1990)

Candida abbacies usually appears as oval yeast like cell that reproduce by budding however in infected areas. Filamentous hyphare plus pseudolyp...

19. THE LEVEL OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF YOGHURTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION: Yoghurt is a cultural diary product produced by lactic fermentation of milk (Hui, 1992). Yoghurt is produced by the controlled fermentation of milk by two species of bacteria; Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Strptococcus thermophilus.

These two species of bacteriae have n...

20. THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA IN THE ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study: Environment is a comprehensive term, which comprises of all the factors which make up the surroundings. The air that one breathes, the land on which one lives, the water one drinks and all the living and non-living things that are part of the surroundings are referred to as the environment1. Environments are components...

21. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Costus spicatus LEAVES

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

The healing effects of medicinal plants have been used to treat a number of human diseases for hundreds of years. Traditional herbal medicines are used by 60-90 percent of the population in developing countries, who consider them to be a part of primary healthcare (WHO, 2002). Consumer demand for herbal medicine is growing by the day, as these types of healing are seen as safer and more reliable than prescription drugs.

Plants that contain compounds tha...

22. CHARACTERIZATION OF staphylococcus aureus ISOLATED FROM DOOR HANDLES

Background of study

A problem for world health has been the spread of infectious diseases by hand contact. Gram positive and negative bacteria are notably known to infect surfaces that come into touch with people, such as door handles, tables, chairs, windows, etc (Itah et al., 2004). Since most countries lack statistics, it is difficult to estimate how much infectious diseases contribute to morbidity and mortality, and they c...

23. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI IN READY-TO-EAT GAME MEAT AND FRESH PRODUCE FROM SOUTHWESTERN REGION OF NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION: Outbreaks and foodborne pathogens pose a significant threat to human public health, leading to a substantial economic burden both in developed and less developed countries(Akhtar et al., 2014). More than 250 known foodborne diseases could be caused by food contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxins, which continue to be a public health problem in the world. Bacteria cause a large proportion (approximately 90%) of all foodborne illnesses(Bari...

24. ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL LOAD OF PUBLIC PHONES AND MOBILE DEVICES USED BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Background to the study

Our daily lives involve the use of mobile phones. It is now a commonly used technology in today's society. Mobile phones and other gadgets provide extra assistance for a variety of functions, including message sending and receiving, internet access, and the sharing of films and photographs. These items are brought into a variety of locations, including restrooms, kitchens, event venues, hospitals, and markets, all of which are teeming with pathogenic bact...

25. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PIPEBORNE WATER AND OTHER SOURCES OF WATER WITHIN ENUGU METROPOLIS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (INDEPENDENCE LAYOUT LOCALITY)

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

In light of the creation idea, it is abundantly evident that water has been around for at least as long as people have. Since the beginning of time, man has made use of this one-of-a-kind commodity for a wide variety of uses, including those in the home. The majority of our water comes from surface water, such as rivers, streams, lakes, oceans, and seas. The water bodies that make...

26. “ACTIVITIES OF SOME ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC YAM ROT FUNGI SPORES IN ZARIA, NIGERIA”

ABSTRACT

Postharvest deterioration has been a major problem associated with yam storage for both farmers and traders and it is caused mostly by micro-organisms especially fungi. The antifungal activity of some commonly used anti-dermatophytic agents (Fluconazole, Terbinafine Hcl, Ketoconazole, Sodium propionate and Griseofulvin) against phytopathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus stolonifer spores were investigated.

27. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE Curcuma longa EXTRACT MEDIATED SILVER NANO PARTICLES AGAINST ISOLATES FROM DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH FOOT INFECTIONS

ABSTRACT

Curcuma longa are traditionally used for the treatment of ulcers, hepatic disorder, wound healing and boost glucose control. This study assessed the phytochemical compositions (quantitative and qualitative), antibacterial activities of C. longa crude extracts, synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles, antibacterial activity of extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and wound activity of EeaAgNPs. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts and extract mediated...

28. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HONEY ON Staphylococcus aureusEscherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogen ISOLATED FROM WOUND

ABSTRACT

Antibacterial activity of honey obtained from two different locations in Enugu State (Nsukka & Ugwuaji) Nigeria on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogens isolated from wound was studied. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the honey on the test microorganisms. The result revealed that the two honey samples have heavy antibacterial activities against the test organisms and zones of inhibition were obta...

29. ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF HONEY AND ITS SPECIFIC ACTIONS ON CELL WALLS, MEMBRANES AND ENZYMES OF SOME MICROBIAL PATHOGENS

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial agents of plant origin have enormous therapeutic potentials. Honey, which is a product of plant, is a sugary substance produced by bee from the nectar of flower. It has been an age long antimicrobial therapy for wounds and burns. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effects of honey and its specific actions on cell walls, membranes and enzymes of the following organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Trichophyton verrucosum. Tr...

30. ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF DOPED AND UNDOPED PLANT- BASED SYNTHESIZED ZINC OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES

ABSTRACT

The process for the development of a reliable and ecofriendly metallic nanoparticle (NP) is an important step in biomedical application of nano technology. Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnONps) and silver nanoparticle (AgNps) is gaining attention in nanobiomedical due to their biocompatibility and antimicrobial activities. Therefore this study is aimed at evaluating the ecological synthesis of zinc oxide, silver doped silver and zinc oxide nanoparticle plus their antimicrobial p...

31. ANTI-PLASMODIAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF ALKALOID FRACTION OF Maytenus senegalensis LEAF IN MICE

ABSTRACT

The treatment inadequacy and toxicity associated with conventional anti-malarial, anti- inflammatory and analgesic drugs calls for the search for alternatives from medicinal plants, particularly. In the present study, alkaloid fraction of Maytenus senegalensis leaf was evaluated for anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity test were conducted using standard procedures. Antimalarial studies was conducted using Plas...

32. BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISOLATED FROM SOIL SAMPLES AGAINST LARVA OF MOSQUITO

ABSTRACT

A major challenge for achieving successful mosquito control is overcoming insecticide resistance. Bacillus thuringiensis which is one of the most effective biolarvacide for control of species of mosquitoes and monitoring of larval susceptibility is essential to avoid resistance development. Mosquito larvacidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis was assessed by isolating them from ecologically different soil habitats in and around Enugu metropolis. The isolate organisms were...

33. BIOCALCIFICATION OF CONCRETE USING CARBONIC ANYHDRASE PRODUCED BY SOIL BACTERIAL ISOLATES

ABSTRACT

Two (2) bacterial isolates obtained from Garima construction sites were named GARIMA

(A)and (B), and code-named GA (A) and GA (B) respectively. They were screened for their carbonic anhydrase (CA) producing ability. Isolates GA (A) and GA (B) showed positive reaction to para-nitrophenylacetate (pNPA), producing yellow and peach/orange coloured colonies respectively. The isolates were used to produce the crude CA and the mean enzyme activity with standard error of...

34. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES AND BIOPULPING POTENTIAL OF FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM SELECTED WOOD SAMPLES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Abstract

Pulping industry is both labour and energy intensive but in Nigeria, electricity supply is unsta- ble. This has contributed to the near collapse of the Nigerian paper and pulp industry despite the rich forest resources in southwestern Nigeria. Use of alternative energy sources such as electricity generating sets further increases production cost. It therefore, becomes pertinent to seek alternative approach aimed at reducing mechanical pulping duration and improving pulp cha...

35. CHARACTERIZATION OF UREASE OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM CEMENT FOR CONCRETE ENHANCEMENT

ABSTRACT

Ureases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyse urea producing carbon dioxide and ammonia. Urease producing bacteria have shown their importance in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in the construction industry. This study focused on the characterization of bacterial isolates from cement for concrete enhancement. Two (2) bacterial isolates assigned codes CA (B) and CA (F) were isolated from cement samples using enrichment culture technique. The isolates were...

36. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PIPEBORNE WATER AND OTHER SOURCES OF WATER WITHIN ENUGU METROPOLIS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION.

ABSTRACT

Comparative examination of three main sources of water supply in Independence layout Enugu was carried out with a view to determine their levels of contamination of bacteria. The sources of water examined are tap water, well water and stream water. The pour plate method was used to examine the water samples. Bacteria isolated from the water samples include coliforms especially Escherichia coli. Stream water and well water were found to contain bacterial isolates unlike the...

37. COMPOSTING OF TANNERY WASTE WITH SAWDUST FOR PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC MANURE

ABSTRACT

The utilisation of tannery waste (TW) in combination with sawdust (SD) as compost manure for agricultural use was studied. The two wastes samples were collected and mixed in the ratios (TW/SD) 1:1, 1:5, 5:1, 1:10 and 10:1, respectively. Composting bin was used during the process. The composting was done for 6 weeks under aerobic condition with frequent turning for proper aeration. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters of the samples (tannery waste and sawdust), exp...

38. DETECTION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS FROM INMATES IN SELECTED CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES IN NIGER STATE

ABSTRACT

Research has shown high transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among inmates in correctional facilities in the developed world, but the data base for the developing countries is still lacking information on same. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection in inmates of selected correctional facilities in Niger state. Blood samples were collected from inmates in three correctional facilities namely Bida, Kontagora and Minna. A total...

39. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES ON THE GROWTH OF ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCING Bacillus Species IN Citrillus vugaris.

ABSTRACT

Effect of different carbon sources on the growth of antimicrobial producing Bacillus species in ogiri-egusi sold in Ogbeta, Orie, Artisian, Kenyatta, Enugu State were evaluated using standard microbiological and analytical methods. 12 bacteria were isolated and identified such as Bacillus subtilis,(33.33), Bacillus pumulis (41.66), Bacillus licheniformis (25) were identified based on their colony biochemical characteristics.The isolates of the highest occurrences is bacillu...

40. EVALUATING THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF HONEY AND LEMON JUICE AGAINST BACTERIA ISOLATES FROM RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

ABSTRACT

The antibacterial effect of honey and lemon were investigated. Their use separately and in combination were compared with that of standard antibiotics against Klebsiellapneumoniae, Staphylococcusaureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilusinfluenzae and Streptococcus pyogenesisolates from sputum, ear swab, nasal secretion and throat swab samples of patients from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, and Ahmadu Bello University He...

41. EVALUATION OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN INFECTED WITH MALARIAL PARASITES IN BOSSO AND PAIKORO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NIGER STATE

ABSTRACT

Malaria continues to be a major public health challenge especially in the African region despite the availability of anti malarial drugs and the application of several preventive strategies such as the use of insecticide treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of malaria parasite and its effect on the haematological indices among women and children atten...

42. EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF MITRACARPUS VILLOSUS (Sw.) DC.

ABSTRACT

Plants have provided a source for novel drug compounds, as plant derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well-being. The aerial parts of Mitracarpus villosus were powdered, screened for phyto-compounds and the phyto- compounds detected were isolated. This was followed by successive extraction of the plant (hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water) and fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract. Antifungal activities of the crude extracts, fractio...

43. GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES OF SOME NIGERIAN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L) MERRIL) ACCESSIONS

ABSTRACT

Soybean is a very important leguminous seed crop; known for its highly valued protein and oil owing to its use in food, feed and industrial applications. The cultivation of soybean could be of great impact in curbing food insecurity and its improvement could be of great benefit to humanity. Genetic variability is the basic requirement for crop improvement as it provides wider scope for selection. Selection of traits through morphological and molecular means increases the fr...

44. PRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF LIQUID SOAP USING CLOVES EXTRACTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Liquid soaps have continue to see a growing demand among households and industries for various purposes. Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant (Saeed & Tariq, 2015). "Cloves" Consumers are increasing...

45. THE EFFECT OF ANTHRAQUINONE DERIVATIVES ON SERUM GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN WISTAR RATS

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the effects of anthraquinone derivatives on serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in Wistar rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Obesity, a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, is commonly linked to elevated serum enzyme activities, particularly GGT, which is associated with oxidative stress and hepatic dysfunction. Anthraquinone derivatives, such as emodin and rhein, are known fo...

46. ANTIBIOTICS SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF SOME SELECTED BACTERIA (BATONELLA, BACILLUS, SALMONELLA) ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG PATIENT'S ATTENDING GENERAL HOSPITAL MINNA NIGER STATE

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a significant public health issue, often complicated by the rising prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. This study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Bartonella, Bacillus, and Salmonella isolated from UTI cases among patients attending General Hospital Minna, Niger State. A cross-sectional design was employed, with bacterial isolat...

47. COMPARISON BETWEEN AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA ON FUNGAL AND BACTERIAL ISOLATE FROM SPOILED PEPPER AND TOMATO FRUIT IN DUTSE JIGAWA STATE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Plant-based antimicrobial agents have gained significant attention in recent years due to the rising global concern about antibiotic resistance and the need for safer, more sustainable solutions in food preservation and health. Vernonia amygdalina, commonly kno...

48. HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG PREGNANT WOMENPEOPLE LIVING WITH HIVAIDS ATTENDING CLINIC AT UNTH ITUKUOZALLA

ABSTRACT

A total of 50 blood (30 pregnant and 20 HIV) samples were obtained from pregnant women and PLWHA attending clinic at UNTH Ituku-ozalla. Samples were screened for hepatitis c viral infection using the rapid one step hepatitis C virus test strip. Two (6.66%) pregnant women were positive and four (20%) HIV patients were positive for Hepatitis C, giving an overall prevalence rate of (26.7%). The infection was the same in male (3) and in female (3). Those aged 23-34 years record...

49. ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPOILAGE OF RIPE MANGO FRUIT (MANGIFERA INDICA) IN DUTSE, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Mango (Mangifera indica), often referred to as the "king of fruits", is one of the most important fruits in the world, widely cultivated for its quality, nutrition, and economy. Mango, native to South Asia, has spread across tropical and subtropical regions, including Nigeria, where it has a significa...

50. IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF METHICILLIN AND ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus FROM CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES IN MINNA, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is progressively increasing globally and has become a global health concern. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus was determined using disc diffusion method. A total of 21.9 % (73/360) from clinical and environmental samples tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in environmental samples was 24 % while it was 20.5 % in clinical samples. The age group 18 t...