AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF NEW VACCINES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES IN OBINGWA LGA, ABIA STATE

ABSTRACT

The study titled "An Assessment of the Effectiveness and Safety of New Vaccines in Primary Health Care Centres in Obingwa LGA, Abia State" aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recently introduced vaccines and their implementation in primary health care settings. Utilizing a descriptive survey design, the research was conducted in Obingwa Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria. The study population comprised health care providers and recipients of new vaccines in the selected primary health care centers. A total sample size of 222 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, with data collected via a structured questionnaire designed on a Likert scale. The questionnaire addressed key research questions on the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines and their implementation in primary health care. Data analysis was performed using frequency, percentage, and mean for the research questions, while chi-square tests were employed for hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that new vaccines significantly reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and are perceived as safe by both health care providers and recipients. The study highlighted several implementation challenges, including vaccine supply chain issues and the need for continuous health worker training and community engagement. The Health Belief Model and the Diffusion of Innovations Theory provided the theoretical framework, emphasizing the importance of individual perceptions, social dynamics, and communication strategies in vaccine uptake. Empirical reviews of similar studies in other African countries were incorporated, demonstrating consistent positive outcomes in vaccine effectiveness and safety, along with identifying common implementation barriers and facilitators. The study concludes that while new vaccines are effective and safe, their successful implementation in primary health care centers in Obingwa LGA requires addressing logistical challenges, enhancing health worker training, and fostering community trust. Recommendations include strengthening vaccine supply chains, integrating continuous training programs for health workers, and implementing robust community engagement strategies. The study underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and research to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of vaccination programs.

 

 

Keywords: New vaccines, effectiveness, safety, primary health care, Obingwa LGA, Abia State.